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HOW YOUR EYE WORKS
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The NORMAL eye
If you can read a 9.5 mm-high letter at 6 meters you have normal or 6/6 distance vision.
If you can read a 1 mm-high letter at 40 cm you have normal or N5 near vision.
Clear vision is achieved when the cornea and the lens focus all light onto the retina (the back of the eye)
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The MYOPIC eye
Myopia or short-sightedness is where the light rays focus in front of the retina because the eye is too long or the focusing power of the cornea and/or lens are too strong. Typically without glasses the near vision is clear and the distance vision is blurred
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The HYPERMETROPIC eye
Hypermetropia or long-sightedness is where the light rays focus behind the retina because the eye is too short or the focusing power of the cornea and/or lens is too weak. Typically without glasses the distance vision is clearer than the near vision.
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The ASTIGMATIC eye
Astigmatism is a blur caused by an uneven shape of the cornea (the front window of the eye). One direction of the cornea is steeper than others, preventing light from focusing to a single point, therefore causing blurry vision.
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The PRESBYOPIC Eye
Presbyopia is a diminishing of the focusing power that occurs due to age and results in difficulty reading. Typically it occurs after 45 years of age. It is similar to long-sightedness although most commonly the distance vision is unaffected.
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